The iliopsoas is a deep muscle group which anatomically connects the spine to the lower limbs. It is composed of the iliacus, psoas major, and psoas minor muscles. The iliopsoas functions as the primary hip flexor. Because the iliopsoas is important for daily activities, including sports, impairments and pathology associated with this muscle ...Nov 3, 2020. Home CCC. OVERVIEW. Psoas abscess is a suppurative collection in the psoas muscle. It is commonly missed or diagnosed late, with potential for severe morbidity. The psoas muscle extends through the retroperitoneal space from the lateral borders of T12 to L5 and inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur (30% have an additional ...Two great psoas muscles come down from the spine, beneath the level of the ribs and respiratory diaphragm to the lower lumbar spine, and each one angles forward over the pelvis, draping over the leg socket and …Methods: Psoas muscle area (PMA) and multifidus area and psoas muscle density (PMD) and multifidus density were measured from CT images and analyzed to lean values. Results were standardized by z-scoring. Measurement reliability was ascertained using intraclass correlation coefficient analysis (3 independent observers). Clinical data were ...Malignant psoas syndrome (MPS) is an uncommon condition first described by Stevens et al. MPS is caused by malignant infiltration of the psoas muscle and adjacent nerves and is characterised by (fixed) flexion deformity of the ipsilateral hip and proximal lumbosacral plexopathy. It has previously been described in relation to metastatic …Position the percussion gun on the outside of your hip bone. Slowly move the gun up and down the muscle fibers of your psoas muscles for about 30 to 45 seconds. Once you have finished, slowly move the gun further up your hip bone and repeat the process. Make sure to keep the gun at a slow and controlled speed.Rarely, in the literature, cases characterized by a fatal outcome of spontaneous iliopsoas muscle bleeding are described. 1, 23. However, those have great differences with our case. The one reported by Maruyama et al 1 is characterized by an 80-day hospitalization with 64 days between the diagnosis of the IPH and the death.The psoas major is my favorite muscle, the body's most important muscle and the main engine of walking. And my pronouncement today is walking is only good for you if you use the psoas correctly. Three muscles connect the legs to the spine (psoas, piriformis and gluteus maximus ) but only the psoas connects from the front of the body and to ...Now, I mentioned the psoas muscle. It’s a popular one, and it’s part of the hip flexor group. Hip flexion is the movement of bringing the knee to the chest. The psoas is one muscle that does it. There’s also the iliacus. Those two muscles are often combined and called the iliopsoas.Psoas stretches. Dima Bazak. The following stretches can help release the psoas muscle: Lunge stretches: Start in a lunge position with the front knee over the ankle and the back leg in line with ...The purpose of this study was to use anatomical data obtained from cadavers, and geometrical scaling data obtained from MRI scans of living subjects, to assess the line of action and mechanical function of the psoas major muscle in three dimensions about each lumbar spine level. In addition, the line of action of the psoas major was documented ...Variant psoas muscle. Anatomical variants of the iliopsoas muscle have been described [2,3,4,5]. Clarkson and Rainy reported a rare case with four psoas muscles: the psoas major and minor and psoas tertius and quartus. The origin of the psoas tertius is from the medial half of the twelfth rib, the distal ends of the transverse processes of the ...As the leg extends, keep your awareness on the front of the left hip socket, releasing any psoas tension you notice there. Once you begin to sense the psoas lengthening, follow the sensation all the way up the muscle to its attachment at the 12th thoracic vertebra, located behind the center of your solar plexus.The psoas major is the only hip flexor that also crosses spinal joints. The line of pull of the psoas major on the spine crosses very close to the axis of movement in the sagittal plane, so the psoas major causes a great deal of compression upon the spine. Compression is good in that it adds to spinal stability, but bad in that it compresses ...The major and minor psoas muscles and the iliacus muscle make up the iliopsoas musculotendinous unit (IPMU). Commonly called iliopsoas muscle. This complex muscle system can function as a unit or intervene as separate muscles. It is essential for correct standing or sitting lumbar posture, stabilizing the coxofemoral joint, and is crucial during walking and running. The fascia covering the ...Anatomy. Your psoas is the only muscle to cross both the lumbar spine and the hip joint, acting as a muscular bridge between the trunk and lower extremities. It attaches at or below the last thoracic vertebrae (T12) and spans to the fourth lumbar vertebrae (L4). There, it crosses through the wing-like bone of the pelvis (ilium), then joins with ...In this study, we validated the assessment of sarcopenia by the psoas muscle volume using versatile software. The study involved a retrospective analysis of data from 190 patients with liver disease who underwent grip-strength testing and abdominal pelvic computed tomography. To assess sarcopenia, SYNAPSE 3D was used to obtain the skeletal ...The iliopsoas muscle complex is made up of three muscles that includes the iliacus, psoas major and psoas minor.This complex muscle system can function as a unit or as separate muscles.. Psoas minor is only present in 60% to 65% of individuals.. The iliopsoas muscle is the primary hip flexor and assists in external rotation of the hip joint, playing an …The major and minor psoas muscles and the iliacus muscle make up the iliopsoas musculotendinous unit (IPMU). Commonly called iliopsoas muscle. This complex muscle system can function as a unit or intervene as separate muscles. It is essential for correct standing or sitting lumbar posture, stabilizing the coxofemoral joint, and is crucial during walking and running. The fascia covering the ...1. Bridge. How to: Lay on back with feet hip-width apart and flat on the ground with knees bent and pointing toward the ceiling. Let arms rest on the floor at sides. Engage glutes to bring hips up ...In the measurements, we distinguished the three separate muscle groups as their own entities: the multifidus (spinotransverse muscle group), the erector spinae and the psoas major (Fig. 2). For ...It is limited by the parietal peritoneum anteriorly, posteriorly by the anterior renal fascia, and laterally by the lateroconal fascia. The PPR is a potential space containing only fat and is bounded anteriorly by the posterior renal fascia and posteriorly by the transversalis fascia, which lines the psoas major and quadratus lumborum muscles.Psoas major is a long, thick, fusiform muscle located in the lumbar region of the trunk lateral to the lumbar vertebrae and medial to the quadratus lumborum muscle. …Psoas is a long muscle, with fascicles arising at T12-L5 from the bodies of two adjoining vertebrae and their intervertebral discs, as well as fascicles from the L1-L5 transverse processes . Psoas passes the pelvis, and inserts onto the trochanter minor.Iliacus muscle (Musculus iliacus) Iliacus is a triangular muscle of the iliac region which together with the psoas major, comprises the iliopsoas muscle.The iliacus muscle belongs the group of the inner hip muscles, together with the psoas major, psoas minor, obturator externus, obturator internus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, piriformis, and quadratus femoris muscles.The psoas muscle volume using a pelvic CT of patients with hip fractures showed a stronger correlation with ASM and handgrip strength than the psoas cross-sectional area did. Therefore, the measurement of the psoas muscle volume could be a potential tool to assess the quantity and strength of the skeletal muscle simultaneously in patients with ...The psoas muscle volume was not significantly correlated with postoperative complications or short-term functional outcomes. Conclusions: The psoas muscle volume measured from a pelvic CT for the diagnosis of hip fractures showed a stronger correlation with ASM and HS than the cross-sectional area did. Therefore; the psoas muscle volume could ...Feb 23, 2021 ... The psoas muscle is often grouped together with the iliacus muscle, and together they're referred to as the iliopsoas. Due to its location deep ...The psoas muscle is one of the primary hip flexor muscles. It attaches along the bottom of several lumbar vertebrae in your low back and connects to the top of the femur (thigh bone). Note that the “p” is silent, so psoas is pronounced, “so-as.” There are three muscles that make up the “psoas muscle”: psoas major, psoas minor, and ...Central sarcopenia, as determined by psoas muscle morphology, has been associated with poor disease outcomes. 15-18 Sarcopenia in the psoas muscle is typically measured through imaging modalities such as CT or MRI at the L3-L4 vertebral level. 19 The assessment involves determining the cross-sectional area or volume of the muscle. To classify ...The psoas is attached to the diaphragm through a fascia that encases the body in both safe and sorry ways, and the medial arcuate ligament that wraps around the top of the psoas. The psoas major is the main muscle for walking, while the diaphragm is the main muscle for breathing. When walking, it is the work of the two psoas muscles, psoas ...The psoas muscle also extends down to the Root Chakra which grounds us and makes us feel secure and safe in the world (squatting in the garden to pull weeds is one of my favorite stretches to both ground my Root Chakra and release my psoas muscle). In my morning yoga routine, I do reclined Cobbler's Pose, gently pressing my thighs away from ...It was claimed that a muscle Physiological CSA (PSCA), which is used to indicate the sum of active contractile proteins of a given muscle, is a valuable parameter for indicating the amount of a muscle torque production capacity (Oatis 2004; Neumann et al., 2017). Psoas Major (PM) muscle overlies at the proximity of the lumbar vertebrae.Objective: Low psoas muscle area (PMA) is associated with worse post-operative outcomes. Our objective was to evaluate the association of PMA and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing fenestrated/branched endovascular aneurysm repair (F/BEVAR).The psoas muscle is a large muscle that is responsible for hip mobility and movement. Sitting for long periods or overusing the psoas muscle can weaken and shorten it, leading to pain and restricted movement. Strengthening and stretching the psoas muscle can reduce the risk of injury and improve posture and quality of life.The conjunctiva links the eyeball to the eye socket. The external muscles of the eye are found behind the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva links the eyeball to the eye socket. The exte...The Psoas is a deep, strong muscle that cuddles into the lower half of the spine. Specifically, it begins at the 12th thoracic vertebrae, snuggles along each of the 5 lumbar vertebrae and attaches onto the femur at the lesser trochanter. Depending on the source, some consider it to be a primary hip flexor, others describe it as a spinal stabilizer.Iliacus muscle pain is most commonly felt in the low back, but Iliacus pain can also manifest at the upper thigh [1]. The bright red in the image below details where the Iliacus (and Psoas) muscle refers pain on the body. The image only shows pain caused by one Iliacus muscle, but generally both Iliacus muscles are tight together and cause pain ...The psoas minor muscle originates from the vertical fascicles inserted on the last thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae. From there, it passes down onto the medial border of the psoas major, and is inserted to the innominate line and the iliopectineal eminence. Additionally, it attaches to and stretches the deep surface of the iliac fascia and ...This video covers the most important anatomy facts about the psoas major muscle: origin, insertion, innervation and function. Take a closer look at this musc...The Psoas Book. Paperback – June 21, 2012. The Psoas Book is a comprehensive guide to the Iliopsoas muscle and its profound influence on the body, mind, and emotions. Easy to read, The Psoas Book focuses on the psoas (so-as), the core muscle of the human body, and is an essential read for anyone interested in health, …The psoas fascia (part of the iliac fascia) invests the surface of the muscle, attached to the vertebral bodies, fibrous arches, and the transverse processes, and extends along the pelvic brim attached to the iliopubic eminence at the margins of the muscle. The lateral edge blends with the anterior layer of the lumbar fascia (over quadratus ...The deep fibers of the psoas muscle originate on the transverse processes of L1- L5, while the superficial fibers arise from the lateral surfaces of the lumbar vertebra and adjacent intervertebral discs. The iliacus muscle arises from the iliac fossa then converges with the psoas to form the iliopsoas tendon before inserting onto the lesser ...The psoas muscle is a paraspinal muscle located deep in the body. It lays close to the spine on either side and extends distally to the brim of the lesser pelvis. It combines with the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas muscle closer to the insertion point. Due to its proximity to the lumbar vertebrae, it plays an important role in back health.The psoas, because of its proximity to the digestive organs, can play a role in the gut-brain connection, affecting what is commonly called “gut feelings”. It is also worth mentioning that the psoas and the main breathing muscle, the diaphragm, come together at the solar plexus. This means that if you have a tight psoas, it is very likely ...Bill Saporito test-drives the new Chevy SS, a flashback to the time of stick-shift muscle cars. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Money and i...FACT CHECKED. Updated On: January 16, 2024. The muscle of the soul - the Psoas! The Psoas is an incredibly important muscle that many people don’t think about, which is regrettable, …Psoas muscle metastases in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the U.S. and often spreads via lymphatics or through hematogenous metastasis to the brain, bone and adrenal glands. Isolated metastases to skeletal muscle, including the psoas muscles, are very uncommon.The psoas is responsible for hip flexion and is a vital muscle. It is also VERY DEEP and hard to reach. In this video, Coach Brian Klepacki shares ways to ma...Psoas Muscle Release Tool,Neck Back Psoas Hip Stretcher,Hip Hook Hip Flexor Release Massage Tool,Deep Tissuer Trigger Point Massager Tool with Adjustable 5 Types 20 Massage Heads. 4.3 out of 5 stars. 111. 100+ bought in past month. $36.99 $ 36. 99 ($36.99 $36.99 /Count)Jan 21, 2022 · Have a tight psoas (hip flexor) you're trying to stretching and release? Watch this video!FREE Anterior Pelvic Tilt Correction Workout: https://guerrillazen... Psoas muscle area (PMA) is a surrogate marker for sarcopaenia and is a validated assessment tool for frailty. The objective of this study was to examine frailty as a predictor of outcomes in TAVI patients and assess the prognostic usefulness of adding PMA to established frailty assessments. Methods: Frailty assessments were performed on 220 ...Psoas Minor. The psoas minor muscle is only present in 60% of the population. It is located anterior to the psoas major. Attachments: Originates from the vertebral bodies of T12 and L1 and attaches to a ridge on the superior ramus of the pubic bone, known as the pectineal line. Actions: Flexion of the vertebral column. Innervation: …Total psoas muscle area (tPMA) at lumbar level L3-4 showing 5th to 95th percentiles for (A) male and (B) female participants. tPMA values at L3-4 increases with patient age. Figure 5. Correlations of weight and total psoas muscle area (tPMA) at lumbar levels L3-4 and L4-5 stratified by sex. Weight and tPMA highly correlate for male and ...Sarcopenia as assessed by psoas muscle area (PMA) is a validated tool to assess frailty before surgical procedures. We evaluated PMA as a predictor of outcomes after TAVI in 152 consecutive patients who underwent this procedure at our institution from 2011 to 2014. Preoperative computed tomography scans were used to measure PMA, which then was ...The right psoas major was tender to palpation as was the proximal aspect of the rectus femoris. The strength of the psoas major and rectus femoris were graded as 4/5 using the Grading Motor Strength Scale, while all other hip and groin muscles were graded as 5/5 with manual testing.The psoas minor muscle originates from the lateral aspect of the bodies of the T12 and L1 vertebrae, as well as the intervertebral disc found between them. The muscle then extends inferiorly and tapers into a long, flat tendon, which is often longer than the muscle belly. The tendon inserts onto the pecten pubis (pectineal line of pubis) and ...The psoas muscle is a paraspinal muscle located deep in the body. It lays close to the spine on either side and extends distally to the brim of the lesser pelvis. It combines with the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas muscle closer to the insertion point. Due to its proximity to the lumbar vertebrae, it plays an important role in back health.The psoas muscles are also our deepest core muscles! We truly need our psoas for day-to-day functioning. A tense, restricted, tight, or neglected psoas can't do its job and other muscles like the back and shoulders work overtime to compensate. This leads to low back pain, shoulder and upper back pain, pelvic pain, and overactive quadriceps ...The psoas major is located from the middle of the spine (T12) to the top of the thigh bone. It attaches from the very bottom of the rib cage, and continues down your body, through the core, and attaches to very top of the thigh bone. The psoas is the only muscle that connects the spine to the legs.Keep your thighs and feet parallel to prevent any inward or outward movement. Slide a yoga block under your sacrum, the flat part between your lower back and tailbone. Relax your neck engage in ...Jan 16, 2024 · FACT CHECKED. Updated On: January 16, 2024. The muscle of the soul - the Psoas! The Psoas is an incredibly important muscle that many people don’t think about, which is regrettable, considering stretching and strengthening the psoas can make all the difference to how we feel and move. VERSATILE AND PRECISE: Specifically designed to use one peak at a time on each psoas muscle, the PSO-Rite deep tissue massage tool is just as effective at releasing tightness in nearly every muscle of the body. Use it on your hamstrings, thigh, inner thigh, calf, glutes, lower back, upper back, triceps, biceps, and chest. YOU ARE THE PRESSURE!Psoas major is a long, thick, fusiform muscle located in the lumbar region of the trunk lateral to the lumbar vertebrae and medial to the quadratus lumborum muscle. …"The Hip Hook is the first and only muscle release tool for both the psoas and iliacus muscles—the primary hip flexors. You can't relax one without relaxing the other," explains Koth. "Since ... The psoas muscle is comprised of both the psoas major and minor, but as the psoas minor is often absent in individuals, 3 this paper will focus on the psoas major. A better understanding of the role of the psoas muscle and its impact on lumbopelvic stability may improve the clinical management of individuals suffering from lower back pain. Try these psoas muscle stretch techniques to fix your weak and tight psoas. For more details on this topic, check out the full article on the website: ️ http...The psoae (the plural form of psoas) are a pair of long muscles that run from your lower back to the top of your hips on either side of your spine. Psoas syndrome causes pain in your lower back, hips or groin. Visit a healthcare provider if you’re experiencing pain that doesn’t get better in a week.Sagittal Plane: Thigh Flexion. All sources concur that the psoas major is a flexor of the hip joint. In fact, most sources state that hip flexion is its primary function (3, 5, 9). Stuart McGill goes as far as to state "The role of the psoas is purely as a hip flexor." (12). And many sources go on to describe the psoas major's hip flexion ...3. Results. The iliac fascia was found to cover psoas and iliacus from their origin to the insertion. The iliacus appeared as a triangular sheet of muscle arising from the superior two-thirds of the concavity of the iliac fossa, the inner lip of the iliac crest (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3), and the upper surface of the lateral part of the sacrum.The FN was found to descend through the psoas ...Psoas can refer pain both in the low back and upper thigh areas, as indicated in bright red below. The patterns below show pain referred by a single Psoas muscle. However, both Psoas muscles tend to be tight together and refer pain to both sides, so each side of the body can feel pain with the bright red pattern.Iliopsoas muscle group. Origin: The Psoas major muscle is part of the iliopsoas muscle (the Psoas combine with the Iliacus). The psoas major engages in almost any movement…walking, running, sitting, jumping. The Psoas major also stabilizes the pelvis. When the psoas is chronically tight, you may notice an increase in lumbar lordosis posture.The Thomas Test measures hip flexor length and distinguishes tightness between one joint and two joint muscles. ... Psoas major and iliacus, rectus femoris, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius, pectineus, adductor longus/brevis/magnus Posterior thigh does not touch the tableStep 2: Psoas Massage Ball Release Technique. Lie on your stomach, and support your upper body with your arms. Roll the ball up and down the psoas muscle and apply pressure while you roll. When you reach an extremely tight area, breathe deeply and rest there for 10-20 seconds. Move the ball further down.This study investigates whether assessment of psoas muscle area reflects total muscle area and can be used to assess sarcopenia in ovarian cancer patients. Methods: Ovarian cancer patients (n = 150) treated with induction chemotherapy and interval debulking were enrolled retrospectively in this longitudinal study. Muscle was measured cross ...Have a tight psoas (hip flexor) you're trying to stretching and release? Watch this video!FREE Anterior Pelvic Tilt Correction Workout: https://guerrillazen...Position of psoas muscle. The position of the psoas muscle with respect to the anterior intervertebral plane measured 8.1 mm at L1-2, 1.8 mm at L2-3, −3.8 mm at L3-4, −11.6 mm at L4-5 and −31.5 mm at L5-S1 (Table 1). Differences between measurements at all levels were statistically different from one another (P < 0.01). The ...Clinical presentation. Presentation is often vague and non-specific and may include abdominal, pelvic, back or groin pain and/or swelling. There may be signs of hemorrhage including tachycardia, hypotension or fall in the measured hemoglobin level 4 . Psoas hematomas can present with constipation, urinary frequency, or fever if they are …The femoral nerve is the largest nerve of the lumbar plexus. It forms from the dorsal divisions of the L2-L4 ventral rami.[1] It has a role in motor and sensory processing in the lower limbs. As a result, it controls the major hip flexor muscles, as well as knee extension muscles. It also controls sensation over the anterior and medial thigh and the medial leg down to the hallux (big toe ...So, some Authors suggest that transcapsular release should be the ideal site for tenotomy because the muscular portion of the iliopsoas muscle is preserved, while releasing the tendon at the lesser trochanter would be equivalent to releasing the entire iliopsoas muscle belly-tendon complex27.
Many muscles contribute to these movements: The psoas is the primary hip flexor, assisted by the iliacus. The pectineus, the adductors longus, brevis, and magnus, as well as the tensor fasciae latae are also involved in flexion. The gluteus maximus is the main hip extensor, but the inferior portion of the adductor magnus also plays a role.. Big boobs blonde babes
Psoas major muscle. The psoas major ( / ˈsoʊ.əs / or / ˈsoʊ.æs /; from Ancient Greek: ψόᾱ, romanized : psóā, lit. 'muscles of the loins') is a long fusiform muscle located in the lateral lumbar region between the vertebral column and the brim of the lesser pelvis. It joins the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas.Jan 2, 2024 · Step 3: Hold for 30 seconds, then relax. Step 4: Repeat on the other side. Step 5: Repeat 3 times on each leg, alternating between the right and left sides. 2. Camel pose. The Camel pose is a yoga posture that helps open the hips. This move stretches the psoas muscle on both sides of your body at the same time. In simple terms: The Psoas Muscle (pronounced 'so-as') connects your torso to your legs. In technical terms: The psoas major starts from the lumbar vertebrae and wraps around the sides of the pelvis, then connects to the femur. It also combines with the iliacus muscle, and together they form the iliopsoas muscle.Get ratings and reviews for the top 12 lawn companies in Muscle Shoals, AL. Helping you find the best lawn companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All Projects ...Background Iliopsoas abscess (IPA) is a rare clinical entity and is difficult to diagnose due to its insidious onset and nonspecific symptoms. The association between IPA and cardiovascular disorders (CVD) has been rarely reported. Computed tomographic (CT) scan can provide a definitive diagnosis of IPA and associated foci of adjacent structures. …4. Scissor kicks. Lay down on an exercise mat and stretch out your legs. Place your hands under your hips to protect your spine. Keeping your legs straight and raised, alternate your legs and move them like scissors. Keep moving them out and in until you finish 15 repetitions. 5. Relaxing exercises for psoas muscles.The psoas muscle, which actually has two parts called major and minor, makes up one component of the iliopsoas muscle. Due to its attachments, it is a crucial element in everyday activities The psoas muscle, located deep in your hip, is a very important muscle to consider when treating low back pain or hip pain.A Psoas strain is when fibers of the muscle or tendon of the Psoas are damaged. This can range anywhere from a few fibers or minor strain, to a complete tear. These muscles are commonly injured or strained from overuse. This is more likely seen in individuals that perform frequent running or jumping activities.The femoral nerve is the largest nerve of the lumbar plexus. It forms from the dorsal divisions of the L2-L4 ventral rami.[1] It has a role in motor and sensory processing in the lower limbs. As a result, it controls the major hip flexor muscles, as well as knee extension muscles. It also controls sensation over the anterior and medial thigh and the …May 18, 2023 · Step 1: Approach the Psoas Muscle from the Soft-Tissue Perspective. To begin, approach the psoas muscle from the lateral side of the abdominal wall. Remember, gentleness is key. By being mindful of the surrounding structures, such as the viscera, you can ensure a safe and effective massage. Start with a swirling motion to gently displace the ... Having a little muscle around your small business comes in handy when it's time to flex. * Required Field Your Name: * Your E-Mail: * Your Remark: Friend's Name: * Separate multipl...Background. Infections of the spine and hip are not common, but they are serious conditions requiring an early diagnosis and an appropriate treatment ().Both infections are occasionally associated with a psoas abscess: in fact, infection of the spine can cause a psoas abscess (2, 3, 4), which could lead to a septic hip arthritis ().The …Psoas major is a long, thick, and fusiform muscle that lies lateral to the lumbar vertebrae and medial to quadratus lumborum.At its upper end, it is covered by the medial arcuate ligament as it passes through the diaphragm.. It originates from the T12-L4 vertebrae and descends to insert onto the lesser trochanter of the femur after fusing with the iliacus muscle.Versatile - Our stretching tool can not only be used for psoas muscle release, but also as a hip hook, hip flexor stretcher, hook massager, mobilization wedge, and trigger point to any portion of the body you apply it to. Quality - Designed and tested in the USA has allowed us to make the perfect massage tool. As former collegiate athletes we ....